Al igual que las instrucciones if, switch ... case controla el flujo del programa permitiendo que los programas especifiquen un código diferente que debe ser ejecutado en distintas condiciones. En particular, una sentencia switch compara el valor de una variable con los valores especificados en las instrucciones case. Cuando se encuentra una sentencia case cuyo valor coincide con el de la variable, el código de esa declaración case se ejecuta.
La palabra reservada break interrumpe la sentencia switch, y se usa normalmente al final de cada declaración case. Sin una declaración de interrupción, la sentencia switch continuará la ejecución de las siguientes expresiones hasta que se alcanza una interrupción o hasta el final de la sentencia switch.
var: la variable cuyo valor es comparado en los distintos case.
label1, label2: el valor a comparar con la variable
Ejemplo
voidsetup() {Serial.begin(9600);Serial.println("====== TEST START ======");for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {switch (i) {case 0:Serial.print("Inside case 0: i = ");Serial.println(i);break;case 1:Serial.print("Inside case 1: i = ");Serial.println(i);break;case 2:Serial.print("Inside case 2: i = ");Serial.println(i);break;default:Serial.print("Inside default: i = ");Serial.println(i);break; } }Serial.println("====== TEST END ========");}voidloop() {}
The result on Serial Monitor:
Newbiely | Arduino IDE 2.3.8
──
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✕
File
Edit
Sketch
Tools
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Arduino Uno
Newbiely.ino
···
8Serial.println("Hello World!");
Output
Serial Monitor
Message (Enter to send message to 'Arduino Uno' on 'COM15')
New Line
9600 baud
====== TEST START ======
Inside case 0: i = 0
Inside case 1: i = 1
Inside case 2: i = 2
Inside default: i = 3
Inside default: i = 4
====== TEST END ========
Ln 11, Col 1
Arduino Uno on COM15
2
※ Nota:
if we does not use the break in a case, the next case will also be executed. The execution is stopped when it reaches a break. Let's comment or remove a break in the above example and see the result.
voidsetup() {Serial.begin(9600);Serial.println("====== TEST START ======");for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {switch (i) {case 0:Serial.print("Inside case 0: i = ");Serial.println(i);break;case 1:Serial.print("Inside case 1: i = ");Serial.println(i);// break;case 2:Serial.print("Inside case 2: i = ");Serial.println(i);break;default:Serial.print("Inside default: i = ");Serial.println(i);break; } }Serial.println("====== TEST END ========");}voidloop() {}
The result on Serial Monitor:
Newbiely | Arduino IDE 2.3.8
──
☐
✕
File
Edit
Sketch
Tools
Help
Arduino Uno
Newbiely.ino
···
8Serial.println("Hello World!");
Output
Serial Monitor
Message (Enter to send message to 'Arduino Uno' on 'COM15')
New Line
9600 baud
====== TEST START ======
Inside case 0: i = 0
Inside case 1: i = 1
Inside case 2: i = 1
Inside case 2: i = 2
Inside default: i = 3
Inside default: i = 4
====== TEST END ========
Ln 11, Col 1
Arduino Uno on COM15
2
As you can see, when i = 1, the code run through case 1 and case 2.
Advanced Usage
If we miss a break in a case by accident, it results in the wrong operation of the code. Why the language does not force to use break instead of optional? Let's see two advanced usages to know the reason why.
Advanced Usage 1
Let's see the below example:
voidsetup() {Serial.begin(9600);for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {switch (i) {case 0:Serial.println("HELLO!");break;case 1:Serial.println("ARDUINO");break;case 2:Serial.println("ARDUINO");break;case 3:Serial.println("ARDUINO");break;default:Serial.println("ArduinoGetStarted.com");break; } }}voidloop() {}
The result on Serial Monitor:
Newbiely | Arduino IDE 2.3.8
──
☐
✕
File
Edit
Sketch
Tools
Help
Arduino Uno
Newbiely.ino
···
8Serial.println("Hello World!");
Output
Serial Monitor
Message (Enter to send message to 'Arduino Uno' on 'COM15')
As you can see, the results of both example codes are the same. But the second example code are shorter. Furthermore, if you get familiar to the second example code, you will realize that the second code is more readable. That is the benefit of not using the break;
Advanced Usage 2
Let's see the below example:
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { switch (i) { case 0: Serial.println("Hello!"); break; case 1: Serial.print("Let's learn "); Serial.println("Arduino"); break; case 2: Serial.println("Arduino"); break; default: Serial.println("via ArduinoGetStarted.com"); break; } }}void loop() {}
The result on Serial Monitor:
Newbiely | Arduino IDE 2.3.8
──
☐
✕
File
Edit
Sketch
Tools
Help
Arduino Uno
Newbiely.ino
···
8Serial.println("Hello World!");
Output
Serial Monitor
Message (Enter to send message to 'Arduino Uno' on 'COM15')
New Line
9600 baud
Hello!
Let's learn Arduino
Arduino
via ArduinoGetStarted.com
Ln 11, Col 1
Arduino Uno on COM15
2
In the above code, you can see the case 1 and 2 have the same a line of code (Serial.println("Arduino")). Let's compare with the below code:
void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { switch (i) { case 0: Serial.println("Hello!"); break; case 1: Serial.print("Let's learn "); case 2: Serial.println("Arduino"); break; default: Serial.println("via ArduinoGetStarted.com"); break; } }}void loop() {}
The result on Serial Monitor:
Newbiely | Arduino IDE 2.3.8
──
☐
✕
File
Edit
Sketch
Tools
Help
Arduino Uno
Newbiely.ino
···
8Serial.println("Hello World!");
Output
Serial Monitor
Message (Enter to send message to 'Arduino Uno' on 'COM15')
New Line
9600 baud
Hello!
Let's learn Arduino
Arduino
via ArduinoGetStarted.com
Ln 11, Col 1
Arduino Uno on COM15
2
As you can see, the results of both example codes are the same. However, the second example code are shorter. That is another benefit of not using the break;
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