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millis()
Descripción
Devuelve el número de milisegundos desde que la placa Arduino empezó a ejecutar el programa actual. Este número se desbordará (volverá a cero), después de aproximadamente 50 días.
Sintaxis
time_ms = millis()
Parámetros
- Ninguno
Retornos
- Número de milisegundos desde que el programa se inició (unsigned long)
Ejemplo
Ejemplo 1
unsigned long time_ms;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
Serial.print("Time: ");
time_ms = millis();
Serial.println(time_ms); // prints time since program started
delay(1000); // wait a second so as not to send massive amounts of data
}
The result on Serial Monitor:
COM6
Time: 0
Time: 999
Time: 1999
Time: 3000
Time: 4000
Time: 5000
Time: 6000
Time: 7001
Time: 8001
Time: 9001
Autoscroll
Clear output
9600 baud
Newline
Ejemplo 2
Print a text one time per second without blocking other codes
const unsigned long TIME_INTERVAL = 1000;
unsigned long previousMillis;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
previousMillis = millis();
}
void loop() {
if (millis() - previousMillis >= TIME_INTERVAL) {
previousMillis = millis();
Serial.println("Arduino References");
}
}
※ Nota:
- Tenga en cuenta que el valor de retorno para millis() es un long sin signo, pueden producirse errores lógicos si un programador intenta hacer operaciones aritméticas con tipos de datos más pequeños, como de tipo int. Incluso los log con signo pueden producir errores como que su valor máximo sea la mitad que la de su contraparte sin signo.
- The return value of millis() function rolls over back to zero after roughly 50 days. If the sketch is intended to run for longer than that, It needs to make sure the rollover does not make the sketch fail. To solve it, write rollover-safe code. Let's compare the two following inequations:
- millis() >= (previousMillis + TIME_INTERVAL)
- (millis() - previousMillis) >= TIME_INTERVAL
- Mathematically, they are equivalent to each other. However, in programming, they are not. That is because the size of storage is unlimited in mathematics while it is limited to 4 bytes in Arduino programming. In programming, when the rollover happens, the first inequation makes the sketch fail while the second inequation does NOT. Therefore:
- Do NOT use if (millis() >= (previousMillis + TIME_INTERVAL)),
- Use if(millis() - previousMillis >= TIME_INTERVAL) instead
※ ARDUINO BUY RECOMMENDATION
| Arduino UNO R3 | |
| Arduino Starter Kit |
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