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Arduino - RFID/NFC Door Lock System
In this tutorial, we are going to learn how to make Arduino RFID/NFC Door Lock System using Arduino, RFID/NFC RC522 Kit, and electromagnetic lock.
※ NOTE THAT:
We also made the door lock system using keypad tutorial.
Hardware Required
| 1 | × | Arduino UNO or Genuino UNO | |
| 1 | × | USB 2.0 cable type A/B | |
| 1 | × | RFID/NFC RC522 Kit (reader + tags) | |
| 1 | × | Electromagnetic Lock | |
| 1 | × | Relay | |
| 1 | × | 12V Power Adapter | |
| 10 | × | Jumper Wires |
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About RFID/NFC RC522 Module and Electromagnetic Lock
If you do not know about RFID/NFC RC522 Module and Electromagnetic Lock (pinout, how it works, how to program ...), learn about them in the following tutorials:
System Components
The door lock system includes two main parts:
- Door Lock: Arduino + RFID/NFC reader + Electromagnetic lock
- Door Key: RFID/NFC tags
There are some types of RFID/NFC readers that can work with Arduino. This tutorial uses RFID-RC522 as an RFID/NFC reader because it is cheap.
How RFID/NFC Door Lock Works
- Some tags that have UIDs set in Arduino code acts as the authorized keys
- User taps an RFID/NFC tag on RFID/NFC reader
- The reader reads UID from the tag.
- Arduino gets the UID from the reader
- Arduino compares the read UID with the predefined UIDs
- If the UID is matched with one of the predefined UIDs, Arduino deactivates the electromagnetic lock to unlock the door.
Wiring Diagram
Image is developed using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
Arduino Code - Single Key
/*
* Created by ArduinoGetStarted.com
*
* This example code is in the public domain
*
* Tutorial page: https://arduinogetstarted.com/tutorials/arduino-rfid-nfc-door-lock-system
*/
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 5
#define RELAY_PIN A5 // the Arduino pin connects to relay
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
byte keyTagUID[4] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
SPI.begin(); // init SPI bus
rfid.PCD_Init(); // init MFRC522
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // initialize pin as an output.
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // lock the door
Serial.println("Tap RFID/NFC Tag on reader");
}
void loop() {
if (rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { // new tag is available
if (rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) { // NUID has been readed
MFRC522::PICC_Type piccType = rfid.PICC_GetType(rfid.uid.sak);
if (rfid.uid.uidByte[0] == keyTagUID[0] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[1] == keyTagUID[1] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[2] == keyTagUID[2] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[3] == keyTagUID[3] ) {
Serial.println("Access is granted");
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // unlock the door for 2 seconds
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // lock the door
}
else
{
Serial.print("Access denied for user with UID:");
for (int i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);
}
Serial.println();
}
rfid.PICC_HaltA(); // halt PICC
rfid.PCD_StopCrypto1(); // stop encryption on PCD
}
}
}
Quick Steps
Because UID is usually not printed on RFID/NFC tag, The first step we need to do is to find out the tag's UID. This can be done by:
- Copy the above code and open with Arduino IDE
- Click Upload button on Arduino IDE to upload code to Arduino
- Open Serial Monitor
- Tap an RFID/NFC tag on RFID-RC522 module
- Get UID on Serial Monitor
COM6
Tap RFID/NFC tag on reader
Access denied for user with UID: 3A C9 6A CB
Autoscroll
Clear output
9600 baud
Newline
After having UID:
- Update UID in the line 18 of the above code. For example, change byte keytagUID[4] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}; TO byte keytagUID[4] = {0x3A, 0xC9, 0x6A, 0xCB};
- Upload the code to Arduino again
- Tap an RFID/NFC tag on RFID-RC522 module
- See output on Serial Monitor
- Check the electromagnetic lock, it should be unlocked
- Tap another RFID/NFC tag on RFID-RC522 module
- See output on Serial Monitor
COM6
Tap RFID/NFC tag on reader
Access is granted
Autoscroll
Clear output
9600 baud
Newline
COM6
Tap RFID/NFC tag on reader
Access is granted
Access denied for user with UID: BD 1E 1D 00
Autoscroll
Clear output
9600 baud
Newline
※ NOTE THAT:
- To make it easy to test, the unlocked time is set to 2 seconds, it should be increased in practical use/demonstration
- It need to install MFRC522 library. See Arduino - RFID/NFC RC522 tutorial
Arduino Code - Multiple Keys
Let's imagine that a room allows the manager and secretary to unlock the door only.
In this case, we need to use two RFID/NFC tag: one for the manager and the other for the secretary. We have to specify the UIDs of two tags in the code
/*
* Created by ArduinoGetStarted.com
*
* This example code is in the public domain
*
* Tutorial page: https://arduinogetstarted.com/tutorials/arduino-rfid-nfc-door-lock-system
*/
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 5
#define RELAY_PIN A5 // the Arduino pin connects to relay
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
byte managerKeyUID[4] = {0x3A, 0xC9, 0x6A, 0xCB};
byte secretaryKeyUID[4] = {0x30, 0x01, 0x8B, 0x15};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
SPI.begin(); // init SPI bus
rfid.PCD_Init(); // init MFRC522
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT); // initialize pin as an output.
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // lock the door
Serial.println("Tap RFID/NFC Tag on reader");
}
void loop() {
if (rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { // new tag is available
if (rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) { // NUID has been readed
MFRC522::PICC_Type piccType = rfid.PICC_GetType(rfid.uid.sak);
if (rfid.uid.uidByte[0] == managerKeyUID[0] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[1] == managerKeyUID[1] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[2] == managerKeyUID[2] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[3] == managerKeyUID[3] ) {
Serial.println("Access is granted for manager");
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // unlock the door for 2 seconds
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // lock the door
}
else
if (rfid.uid.uidByte[0] == secretaryKeyUID[0] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[1] == secretaryKeyUID[1] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[2] == secretaryKeyUID[2] &&
rfid.uid.uidByte[3] == secretaryKeyUID[3] ) {
Serial.println("Access is granted for secretary");
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW); // unlock the door for 2 seconds
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH); // lock the door
}
else
{
Serial.print("Access denied for user with UID:");
for (int i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) {
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);
}
Serial.println();
}
rfid.PICC_HaltA(); // halt PICC
rfid.PCD_StopCrypto1(); // stop encryption on PCD
}
}
}
Do the similar steps as the above, and then tap one by one tag on RFID-RC522 module. The result on Serial Monitor looks like below:
COM6
Tap RFID/NFC tag on reader
Access is granted for secretary
Access is granted for manager
Autoscroll
Clear output
9600 baud
Newline
You can extend the above code for three, four, or more tags.
Video Tutorial
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