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Arduino - Piezo Buzzer
In this tutorial, we are going to learn:
- How piezo buzzer works
- How to connect the piezo buzzer to Arduino
- How to program Arduino to control piezo buzzer to generate sound, melody
Hardware Required
| 1 | × | Arduino UNO or Genuino UNO | |
| 1 | × | USB 2.0 cable type A/B | |
| 1 | × | Piezo Buzzer | |
| 1 | × | Jumper Wires | |
| 1 | × | (Optional) 9V Power Adapter for Arduino | |
| 1 | × | (Optional) Screw Terminal Block Shield for Arduino |
One of the following breadboard:
| 1 | × | Full-sized 830-Point Breadboard | |
| 1 | × | Half-sized 400-point Breadboard | |
| 1 | × | Mini-sized 170-point Breadboard | |
| 1 | × | All-sized Breadboard Kit |
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About Piezo Buzzer
Piezo Buzzer is used to generate sound, beep or even melody of a song.
Pinout
Piezo Buzzer usually has two pins:
- Negative (-) pin: needs to be connected to GND (0V)
- Positive (+) pin: receive the control signal from Arduino
How It Works
- If connecting VCC to the positive pin, piezo buzzer generates the constant sound
- If generating a square wave of the specified frequency (and 50% duty cycle) on the positive pin, the piezo buzzer generates tones. The different frequency makes a different tone. By changing the frequency of the signal on the positive pin, we can create the melody of a song.
Wiring Diagram
This image is created using Fritzing. Click to enlarge image
How To Program For Piezo Buzzer
Thanks to the Arduino library, playing a melody is easy. We do NOT need to know how to generate the square wave. We just need to use two functions: tone() and noTone() the library.
Arduino Code
Quick Steps
- Connect Arduino to PC via USB cable
- Open Arduino IDE, select the right board and port
- On Arduino IDE, Go to File Examples 02.Digital toneMelody example
/*
Melody
Plays a melody
circuit:
- 8 ohm speaker on digital pin 8
created 21 Jan 2010
modified 30 Aug 2011
by Tom Igoe
This example code is in the public domain.
http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Tone
*/
#include "pitches.h"
// notes in the melody:
int melody[] = {
NOTE_C4, NOTE_G3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3, 0, NOTE_B3, NOTE_C4
};
// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc.:
int noteDurations[] = {
4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
};
void setup() {
// iterate over the notes of the melody:
for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < 8; thisNote++) {
// to calculate the note duration, take one second divided by the note type.
//e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
int noteDuration = 1000 / noteDurations[thisNote];
tone(8, melody[thisNote], noteDuration);
// to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
// the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
delay(pauseBetweenNotes);
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(8);
}
}
void loop() {
// no need to repeat the melody.
}
- Click Upload button on Arduino IDE to upload code to Arduino
- Enjoy the melody
Modifying Arduino Code
Now, we are going to modidy the code to play "Jingle Bells" song.
We only need to change value of two arrays: int melody[] and int noteDurations[].
/*
* Created by ArduinoGetStarted.com
*
* This example code is in the public domain
*
* Tutorial page: https://arduinogetstarted.com/tutorials/arduino-piezo-buzzer
*/
#include "pitches.h"
// notes in the melody:
int melody[] = {
NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_E5, NOTE_G5, NOTE_C5, NOTE_D5,
NOTE_E5,
NOTE_F5, NOTE_F5, NOTE_F5, NOTE_F5,
NOTE_F5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_E5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_E5,
NOTE_D5, NOTE_G5
};
// note durations: 4 = quarter note, 8 = eighth note, etc, also called tempo:
int noteDurations[] = {
8, 8, 4,
8, 8, 4,
8, 8, 8, 8,
2,
8, 8, 8, 8,
8, 8, 8, 16, 16,
8, 8, 8, 8,
4, 4
};
void setup() {
// iterate over the notes of the melody:
int size = sizeof(noteDurations) / sizeof(int);
for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < size; thisNote++) {
// to calculate the note duration, take one second divided by the note type.
//e.g. quarter note = 1000 / 4, eighth note = 1000/8, etc.
int noteDuration = 1000 / noteDurations[thisNote];
tone(8, melody[thisNote], noteDuration);
// to distinguish the notes, set a minimum time between them.
// the note's duration + 30% seems to work well:
int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
delay(pauseBetweenNotes);
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(8);
}
}
void loop() {
// no need to repeat the melody.
}
Video Tutorial
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Challenge Yourself
- Use Piezo Buzzer to play the song you love
- Automatically make alarm when someone approaches your valuable stuff. Hint: Refer to Arduino - Motion Sensor.
Alternative Piezo Buzzers
The above code also works with the following piezo buzzers:
Piezo Buzzer on Commercial Products
Piezo Buzzer on commercial products is usually very small in size, which can be integrated into small devices.
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